Introduction
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, also referred to as the "Affordable Care Act" or ACA) is the major health care reform bill passed into law on March 23, 2010. It was amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. This guide is meant to give an overview of some sources for materials to research ongoing issues about PPACA.
The video below, "Health Reform Hits Main Street," is a very basic overview of the reforms in PPACA from the Kaiser Family Foundation. For more detail on the basics in plain language, see the Commonwealth Fund's excellent overview What Will Happen Under Health Reform--and What's Next? If you just want a simple timeline of when provisions will be implemented, Deloitte Center for Health Solutions prepared one in December 2011. For Californians, the California Healthcare Foundation has a guide to how PPACA will impact California.
Supreme Court: NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ET AL. v. SEBELIUS decison
- Slip Opinion, issued June 28, 2012
- The Dénouement of the Supreme Court's ACA Drama, Renée M. LandersFrom the New England Journal of Medicine
Includes a chart that breaks down how each Justice ruled on each issue.
Health Affairs Conference: After the Supreme Court Ruling
On July 17, the journal Health Affairs hosted a day long conference on the implementation of PPACA in the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling.
- Live Webcast linkClick here to view the agenda, watch video, and download an mp3 of the July 17 conference. Valid email address required.
Health Reform Bracketology
Analysis about how the recent elections might impact the implementation of health reform, by consulting firm Leavitt Partners panel of experts.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Public Laws and Bill Summaries
The bill summaries below are starting places, but do not contain the complete legislative history of either law. For a guide on how to research a more complete legislative history, see the UCLA Law libguide on Federal Legislative History.
- Public Law 111-148The text of PPACA, from the Government Printing Office (GPO)
- House Resolution (H.R.) 3590Bill summary of the final bill that became P.L. 111-148, from THOMAS.
- Public Law 111-152The text of the Health Care and Reconciliation Act of 2010, from the GPO
- H.R.4872Bill summary of the bill that became P.L. 111-152 from THOMAS
- PPACA ConsolidatedConsolidated version of both laws, posted by the House Energy and Commerce Committee
Challenges to PPACA's Constitutionality: Supreme Court
Oral argument before the Supreme Court was held March 26-27th, 2012. An interactive timeline of the major cases is available in Gregory D. Curfman, Brendan S. Abel, and Renée M. Landers' article Supreme Court Review of the Health Care Reform Law, available at the New England Journal of Medicine's website.
- Supreme Court: Filings in the PPACA cases
- Supreme Court: Department of Health and Human Servs. v. Florida--MondayAudio and transcripts of the hearings before the Supreme Court from Monday March 26, 2012, at the Supreme Court's official site.
- Supreme Court: Department of Health and Human Servs. v. Florida--TuesdayAudio and transcripts of the hearings before the Supreme Court from Tuesday March 27, 2012, at the Supreme Court's official site.
- Oyez.org: The Affordable Care Act CasesSummary and audio of the Supreme Court arguments.
- Oyez.org: The Court and Healthcare ReformOverview of the pre-Supreme Court levels. Includes link to the oral arguments at the 11th Cir. level
- Department of Health and Human Services v. Florida Docket No., 11-398 Briefs on the Anti-Injunction ActFrom the American Bar Association (ABA).
- Department of Health and Human Services v. Florida Docket No., 11-398, Briefs on the Minimum Coverage ProvisionFrom the ABA.
- Summary of some Amicus Briefs that discuss the minimum coverage provision of PPACAFrom American Progress.org. Not all links out work.
- Brief of the Department of Health and Human Services, et al to the Supreme Court
- Brief of State Petitioners on Medicaid to the Supreme Court (Jan 10, 2012)
- Brief of 104 Health Law Professors to the Supreme Court (Jan 13, 2012)
- Brief of the American Hospital Association (Jan 6, 2012)
- Brief of Catholic Sisters in Support of Respondants (Medicaid Expansion) (Feb. 17, 2012)
Challenges to PPACA's Constitutionality: Other Courts
- Health Law & LitigationIncludes links to court documents for the challenges, many of the cases cited to as precedent, and many articles on the main issues in the cases. The site is a joint project of the National Health Law Program (NHeLP) and the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University Law Center.
- ACA Litigation BlogHas links to many of the court documents for the challenges to PPACA brought by individual states
- US Department of Justice: Defending the Affordable Care ActThe USDOJ has been defending PPACA, and their page links to many documents filed for the defense in a number of the cases
- National Conference of State Legislators: State Legislation and Actions Challenging Certain Health Reforms, 2011-2012Summaries of state legislation and lawsuits.
- State of Florida v. HHS: 11th Circuit Decision of August 12, 2011
- State of Virginia v. Seblius, 4th Circuit decision of September 8, 2011
- Liberty University v. Geithner, 4th Circuit decision of September 8, 2011Case remanded back to the Fourth Circuit by the Supreme Court on November 26, 2012. (Available to faculty and students at Liberty University v. Geithner, 2012 WL 5895687 (Westlaw), 2012 U.S. LEXIS 8942, or 2012 BL 308070 (Bloomberg Law).
- Goudy-Bachman v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Middle District of Pennsylvania, Order of Sept. 13, 2011 Granting Summary Judgment to Plaintiffs
- Seven-Sky v. Holder, District Court, District of Columbia, Decision of November 8, 2011
- Pruitt v. Sebelius, amended complaint of September 19, 2012Case is about the individual mandate and health exchange rules, in light of Oklahoma's decision not to create a health exchange. Docket number 11-cv-00030 (E.D. Okla.)
Challenges to PPACA's Constiutionality: Penalty Provisions for Businesses over 50 FTE
Suit is challenging the penalties on businesses with more than 50 full time employees that do not provide health insurance. Suit is docket number 13-cv-01318 (S.D. Texas).
Challenge to IRS Implementing Regulations
- Halbig et al. v. SebeliusSuit is challenging the IRS's implementation of premium subsidies. Docket number 13-cv-00623 (D.D.C).
Challenges to PPACA's Constiutionality: AAPS
The Association of American Physicians & Surgeons is challenging the penalty for employers with more than 50 employees and regulations that do not allow Medicare coverage for services ordered by physicians who do not have Medicare provider numbers. Suit is docket number 10-cv-00499 (D.D.C.).
Challenges to PPACA's Constitutionality: Birth Control Mandate
Dockets for all cases are available to students and faculty through Bloomberg Law. Please ask a reference librarian if you have any questions about accessing the dockets.
- The Becket Fund: HHS Mandate Information CentralThe Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, a non-profit organization that advocates for religious liberty, has been involved in some of the cases challenging the birth control mandate. It maintains a list of the cases, with party information and some links to case documents at this page.
- Colorado Christian University v. SebeliusComplaint filed in the District of Colorado on December 22, 2011. Case number: 11-cv-03350
- Belmont Abbey College v. SebeliusComplaint filed in District of Columbia. Case number 11-cv-01989. Case dismissed without prejudice on July 18, 2012. (Available to students and faculty as 2012 WL 2914417 in Westlaw, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 99391 in Lexis, or 2012 BL 179458 in Bloomberg Law.) Plaintiffs have requested reconsideration.
- Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend Inc et al v. Sebelius et alComplaint filed in the Northern District of Indiana on May 21, 2012. Case number: 12-cv-00159
- Yep v. U.S. Department of Health & Human Servicesaka Triune Health Group, Inc. et al v. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. filed in the Northern District of Illinois, Aug. 22, 2012. Case number: 12-cv-06756.
- Grace Schools v. SebeliusFiled in the Northern District of Indiana, Aug 23, 2012. Case number: 12-cv-459.
- College of the Ozarks v. United States Department of Health and Human Services et alFiled in the Western District of Missouri, Sept. 17, 2012. Docket number 12-cv-03428.
- Conestoga Wood Specialties v. SebeliusFiled in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania December 4, 2012. Docket Number 5:12-cv-06744
- Conestoga Wood Specialties, ruling of Jan. 11, 2013January 11, 2013 ruling denying plaintiffs the requested preliminary injunction.
Books on PPACA held at UCLA Law Library
Selected Catalog Subject Headings:
- United States. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
- United States. Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.
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